Supplementary material from "Multi- and instabilities in gas partitioning between nanoporous materials and rubber balloons"

The size of the balloon, pressure of gas in the balloon and partitioning of gas between the adsorbent and the balloon differ among the equilibrium states. Temperature changes and the addition/removal of gas into/from the adsorbent–balloon system can induce catastrophe bifurcations and show hysteresis. Furthermore, the adsorbent–balloon system exhibits a critical temperature where, when approached from below, the discrepancy of balloon size between the two (meta)stable states decreases and, beyond, bistability is impossible.

Practically, our findings preclude multiple partitions of adsorbed gas in rigid mixed-linker metal-organic frameworks and may inspire new soft actuator and sensor designs.