Table 1_Human-centered AI adoption for small and medium-sized enterprise competitiveness: a methodological perspective on digital capabilities and organizational adaptation.docx

Capability-based research has established that internal digital and dynamic capabilities predict adoption and performance more strongly than external support, but it rarely specifies the design conditions under which employees keep using a tool long enough for capability to form, and the organizational adaptation through which capability becomes performance is usually inferred rather than observed.

This Perspective proposes the Human-Centered AI Adoption Framework to join those literatures. The framework links four human-centered principles, a deliberately restricted subset concerned with control, comprehension, appropriate use and accountability, to the capability microfoundations of sensing, seizing and reconfiguring; treats structural, cultural and human-capital adaptation as the realized organizational state that reconfiguring produces, distinct from the activity itself; and distinguishes four dimensions of competitiveness that realize in a characteristic order, alongside worker outcomes treated as ends rather than only as means.