Table 1_Inflammatory landscape of Gardnerella vaginalis-associated bacterial vaginosis in rats: an integrated multi-omics analysis.xlsx

Although overall microbial community composition did not differ significantly between groups, within-group dispersion was significantly lower in the model group. The genera Gardnerella, Staphylococcus, Bacteroides, and Aerococcus were overrepresented, whereas Collinsella was underrepresented; among these genera only Aerococcus remained significant after FDR correction. Untargeted vaginal metabolomics and targeted serum measurements indicated enhanced arachidonic acid (AA)-related metabolism and compartment-specific remodeling of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism.

Group-adjusted partial correlation analysis identified nominal positive correlations of Gardnerella with AA and Collinsella with 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), as well as a nominal negative correlation of Blastococcus with thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂); however, none remained significant after FDR correction. WB revealed increased abundance of uterine proteins associated with TLR2/4–NF-κB–COX-2 inflammatory signaling in the model group.</p>Conclusions<p>These findings suggest that the G. vaginalis-associated BV-like phenotype is linked to vaginal microbial alterations, enhanced AA-related metabolism, compartment-specific remodeling of TRP metabolism, and upregulation of proteins related to uterine TLR/NF-κB inflammatory signaling.

This microbiome–metabolome–immune network may help explain how G. vaginalis-associated vaginal dysbiosis contributes to BV-like inflammatory changes and may be related to endometrial inflammation.</p>