A Generalized Theoretical Analysis of Cross-correlation and Cross-spectra for Spaced-antenna Wind Profilers

To better understand the fundamental principles and limitations of spacedantenna theory, we develop a formulation which relates the properties of the refractive index field (e.g., its spatial spectrum) and its advecting flow (e.g., uniform or turbulent) to the cross-correlation of the diffraction pattern of the scattered field and, consequently, the cross-correlation and cross-spectra of echoes in spaced receivers.