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Table · dataset · 2026

Unraveling the Structural Dynamics in Ammonia Synthesis over the Strontium Fluoride-Supported Ruthenium Catalyst

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The catalytic synthesis of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is a cornerstone of the chemical industry.

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However, to date, direct visualization of the reactant-support interaction and the structural dynamics of catalyst surface/interfaces during efficient NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis remain scarce. Herein, this article elucidates the dynamic structural evolution of a previously unreported catalyst Ru/SrF<sub>2</sub> by utilizing multiple in situ techniques.

The in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy technique not only visualizes the N<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> exposure-induced reversible surface rearrangement of SrF<sub>2</sub> from (100) to (111) with lamellar nanostructures but also unravels the reaction-driven cyclic reconstruction of the Ru/SrF<sub>2</sub> surface-interface under the N<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub> mixture. The catalytically-active sites are identified mainly as the fluorine vacancy (V<sub>F</sub>)-centered Ru<sup>0</sup>-V<sub>F</sub>-Sr<sup>γ+</sup> perimeter sites.

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These sites are abundantly generated due to the recurring surface-interface reconstruction over Ru/SrF<sub>2</sub> and underlie the catalyst’s exceptional performance under mild conditions. This work may inspire more advanced operando studies for understanding catalytic mechanisms and developing practical catalysts.

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