<p>Dermal irritation scoring in rats.</p>

<div> <p>Objective</p><p>To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of different <i>Angelica dahurica–Ligusticum sinense</i> extracts (ethanolic, aqueous, and cold-pressed) against planktonic cells and biofilms of <i>Malassezia furfur</i>.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to quantify the major constituents. Micro-broth dilution determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time–kill assays assessed fungicidal kinetics.

Crystal violet staining assay (CVA) and XTT reduction assays quantified inhibition of biofilm biomass formation/metabolic activity and reduction of mature biofilms. Dermal irritation of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in rats.</p> <p>Results</p><p>UPLC showed that the ethanolic extract contained the highest levels of ferulic acid, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin. The MIC of the ethanolic extract was 5 mg/mL, superior to those of the aqueous and cold-pressed extracts (10 mg/mL each).