Insights into the ecology of sea stars

C. papposus cues did not deter A. rubens from seeking mussel cues, nor did either predator's presence alter mussel behaviour. This outcome suggests that consumptive effects of predation may be the primary drivers of trophic interactions, with direct consumption rates regulating mussel populations. Beyond predator-prey dynamics, this thesis provides insights into an emerging disease present in Asteroidea.

Signs consistent with sea star wasting disease (SSWD) were reported in both C. papposus and A. rubens. Observations of SSWD in C. papposus were presented, thus providing the first reports of its kind in Europe. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the role of elevated temperature on SSWD in A. rubens.

It was found that elevated temperature increased disease sign progression and severity, supporting SSWD as a temperature-sensitive condition. This work contributes to our understanding of sea star ecology and can inform future benthic habitat management. It suggests that the role of TMIs in trophic organisation may be context-dependent.

The observed thermal sensitivity of SSWD is particularly concerning given projected climate warming. This adds further complexity when predicting implications for ecosystem function, and underscores the need for a holistic approach to management and conservation.