Manually scaled parameters of the sporadic E layer (Es) for Průhonice and Sopron Digisonde stations, for August and September 2019

This provided an excellent opportunity to study the effects of the neutral atmosphere on the ionosphere. To this end, the sporadic E layer (Es) was manually scaled for the two-month period of Europe's two nearest Digisonde stations: Sopron and Průhonice (SO148 [47.63N, 16.72E] and PQ052 [50.00N, 14.60E]).

Scaling was performed in accordance with URSI requirements, but was not limited by them. Each individual sporadic E layer was scaled up to three layers. The scaled parameters were: - Minimum frequency of the Es layer: fminEs - Critical frequency of the Es layer: foEs (according to URSI standard) - Critical frequency of the Es layer: foEs+ (not according to the URSI standard) - Es layer height: h'Es - Blanketing frequency / minimum frequency of the F layer: fbEs/fminF - Critical frequency of the Es layer in the extraordinary component: fxEs - Es layer height in the extraordinary component: hxEs Certain phenomena are difficult to distinguish from the sporadic E layer - for example, the Intermediate Descending (IDL) and E2 layers.