Data from "Revisiting avian wingtip shape indices: a comparison of methods with empirical data"

The <b>“README”</b> sheet includes explanations of all variables: each row lists a <i>variable name</i>—corresponding to a column in the other three sheets—along with a detailed description of the variable’s origin and meaning.</p><p dir="ltr">The <b>“originalFieldData”</b> sheet contains the raw measurements collected from 90 passerine individuals, including primary distances (PD9–PD2), primary lengths (F9–F2), wing length, and Kipps’ distance.</p><p dir="ltr">The <b>“derivedWingIndices”</b> sheet includes z-standardized and natural log–transformed carpal distances (CD, derived from PD values) and primary distances, as well as all size and shape indices computed using the six mathematical procedures implemented in the study (SCCA, LF, PCA, SAR, PLSR, and HWI) for the same 90 individuals.</p><p dir="ltr">Finally, the <b>“speciesMeanValues”</b> sheet reports species-level averages for all size and shape indices, along with estimated migration distance.</p>