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Data · dataset · 2026

<p>Developmental patterns of intrinsic timescale.</p>

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<p>Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to assess linear and nonlinear age effects in intrinsic timescale. <b>(a)</b> A whole-brain GAM was applied to model age-related differences in cortex-wide average timescale.

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GAM results demonstrated that average timescale increases during development in youth (partial <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.047, <i>p</i><sub>anova</sub> = 1.25 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). <b>(b)</b> Region-wise GAMs were used to examine developmental patterns in intrinsic timescale at the regional level.

Age effects quantified as partial <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> are depicted across the cortex, displaying a heterogeneous spatial distribution. <b>(c)</b> Age effects on intrinsic timescale were compared to the S–A axis, identifying a hierarchical pattern of developmental patterns in intrinsic timescale along the S–A axis. Significance of the association between age effects and S–A axis rank was assessed using 10,000 spin tests. <i>r</i><sub>s</sub> denotes Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

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Linear regression line is added for visualization purposes only. <b>(d)</b> Regional trajectories of developmental patterns in intrinsic timescale were obtained from region-wise GAM results (as shown in panel <b>b</b>). Each line corresponds to the model fit of each cortical region and is colored based on the region’s rank along the S–A axis. The results demonstrate that intrinsic timescale in association regions increases during development in youth while it remains relatively stable in sensorimotor regions.

Data and code needed to regenerate this figure can be found at <a href="doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22799416" target="_blank">doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22799416</a>.</p>

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