Supplementary file 1_Clinical characteristics and early hematoma dynamics in a selected cohort of 199 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent 24-hour follow-up imaging: a retrospective single-center study.doc

Hypertension was present in 75.4% of patients. Median time from onset to admission was 10.0 h (IQR 6.0–19.5). Median initial hematoma volume was 16.2 mL (IQR 6.8–26.1).

In this selected cohort of patients who survived to 24-h imaging without early surgical evacuation (median onset-to-admission 10.0 h), the observed rate of early HE was 6.0% (12/199). Because of the small number of expansion events (n = 12), the study was underpowered to identify baseline predictors; none of the examined demographic, clinical or radiological variables reached conventional statistical significance, although effect estimates with wide confidence intervals are provided in the main text.

Peripheral leukocyte counts remained stable from admission to 24 h (p = 0.922). Patients with HE experienced significantly greater neurological change (median NIHSS increase 2.0 [0.0–6.5] vs. 0.0 [0.0–0.0], p < 0.001; median GCS change −1.0 [−2.0 to 0.0] vs. 0.0 [0.0–0.0], p < 0.001).</p>Conclusion<p>In this selected, later-presenting single-center Chinese cohort that reached 24-h imaging without early surgery, the observed rate of early HE was low (6.0%).

However, when expansion occurred, it was strongly associated with acute neurological worsening. Baseline factors did not reliably predict HE, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring regardless of initial presentation.</p>