Supplemental Material for:Burden of Stroke Among Young Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 1990–2023, and Projections to 2045: An Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 Data

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remained the leading contributor to deaths and DALYs in 2023, while ischemic stroke (IS) accounted for the largest number of prevalent cases, and only IS showed increasing incidence and prevalence rates. Males generally had higher rates, with the disparity becoming more pronounced with age. Population growth was the principal driver of the rising absolute burden in low- and lower-middle-income countries, while favorable epidemiological change offset demographic pressure in upper-middle-income countries.

By 2045, death and DALY rates were projected to decline further, but IS incidence and prevalence were projected to remain on an upward trend.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Conclusion: </b>Among young adults in LMICs, the absolute numbers of incident and prevalent stroke cases increased despite declining death and DALY rates. Prevention strategies should prioritize early-life vascular risk control, particularly for IS.</p>