Nanofibers in textile engineering: production techniques and functional applications

These properties render them highly suitable for advanced functional applications, including filtration, antibacterial, medical, healthcare, and smart wearable devices. Nanofibers can be produced by various techniques such as electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, solution blow spinning, melt electrospinning, and force spinning.

Each technique has its own advantages and limitations; nevertheless, electrospinning is the most common technique. Nanofibers can be produced from natural materials like cellulose, chitosan, silk, gelatin, and alginate, or from synthetic materials like PVA, PLA, PCL, PEG, and PEO. Natural polymers are safe and biodegradable, whereas synthetic polymers are strong and easier to process.