Supplementary file 1_A review of the relationship between environmental change and internal-human mobility.pdf

Most people move within national borders, yet the effects of climate hazards remain insufficiently investigated and integrated into existing theoretical frameworks. This review examines quantitative peer-reviewed literature on climate hazard-internal mobility linkages, revealing key conceptual and empirical gaps in how mobility is defined, theorized, and modeled.

The literature remains geographically uneven and predominantly micro-level, with stronger evidence for short-term weather shocks than for long-term climatic processes, while often failing to distinguish between voluntary and involuntary mobility or to account for agency and timing dimensions. Climate-mobility relationships are often conceptualized as contingent, meaning hazards are seen as altering opportunity structures, rather than being framed as hazard-driven, or reflecting mediated and constructed assumptions.