Toward improving ice water content and snow-rate retrievals from radars. Part I: X and W bands, emphasizing CloudSat

Microphysical data and radar reflectivities (Z(e), -15 10 dB, this Z(e)-S relationship conforms well to earlier relationships, but for Z(e) < 10 dB it yields higher IWC and S. Because not all retrieval algorithms estimate either or both IWC and S, the authors use a large aircraft-derived dataset to relate IWC and S. The IWC can then be estimated from S and vice versa.