The Deep Learning–based Dual-branch Multimodal Fusion Model for Solar Flare Prediction

It includes SDO/HMI SHARP active-region magnetograms, the corresponding magnetic-field parameters, a supplemented solar flare catalog, and solar flare forecasting labels.The Magnetogram data include active-region magnetograms in the cylindrical equal-area (CEA) projection, recorded from May 2010 to May 2023 at a cadence of 96 minutes.The Flare-catalog was constructed from the NOAA/NCEI GOES X-ray Flare Catalog.

For flare events without associated NOAA active-region numbers, the corresponding NOAA active-region numbers were supplemented using the SolarSoft event archive and corresponding SDO observations.The Flare label file was generated from the Flare-catalog using a predefined 24-hour forecasting window. Samples are labeled as flare or non-flare according to whether a C-class or stronger flare occurs within the subsequent 24 hours.