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Table · dataset · 2023

Structural properties of SDSS central galaxies

Listed in IVOA Registry (Virtual Observatory)

This paper studies pseudo-bulges (P-bulges) and classical bulges (C-bulges) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) central galaxies using the new bulge indicator {Delta}{Sigma}_1_, which measures relative central stellar-mass surface density within 1kpc.

Description

We compare {Delta}{Sigma}_1_ to the established bulge-type indicator {Delta}<{mu}_e_> from Gadotti (2009MNRAS.393.1531G, Cat. J/MNRAS/393/1531) and show that classifying by {Delta}{Sigma}_1_ agrees well with {Delta}<{mu}_e_>. {Delta}{Sigma}_1_ requires no bulge-disc decomposition and can be measured on SDSS images out to z=0.07.

Bulge types using it are mapped on to 20 different structural and stellar-population properties for 12000 SDSS central galaxies with masses 10.0<logM_*_/M_{sun}_<10.4. New trends emerge from this large sample. Structural parameters show fairly linear log-log relations versus {Delta}{Sigma}_1_ and {Delta}<{mu}_e_> with only moderate scatter, while stellar-population parameters show a highly non-linear 'elbow' in which specific star formation rate remains roughly flat with increasing central density and then falls rapidly at the elbow, where galaxies begin to quench.

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P-bulges occupy the low-density end of the horizontal arm of the elbow and are universally star forming, while C-bulges occupy the elbow and the vertical branch and exhibit a wide range of star formation rates at a fixed density. The non-linear relation between central density and star formation rate has been seen before, but this mapping on to bulge class is new. The wide range of star formation rates in C-bulges helps to explain why bulge classifications using different parameters have sometimes disagreed in the past.

The elbow-shaped relation between density and stellar indices suggests that central structure and stellar populations evolve at different rates as galaxies begin to quench.

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