The experiences of healthcare providers and bereaved next of kin of patients regarding the provision of palliative care in adult intensive care units: an exploratory study

Phase 2 involved focus groups with ICU managers and policymakers to discuss strategies for optimising care, informed by Phase 1 findings. NVivo software supported a thematic analysis of the data.<br><br>Key themes emerged. From Phase 1, three main themes were identified: (1) barriers to palliative care, such as lack of trained staff and cultural constraints; (2) communication gaps, especially limited information sharing with families; and (3) future directions, including the need for staff training and more flexible family visiting policies.

In Phase 2, discussions highlighted the importance of (1) holistic palliative care integration into ICU policies, (2) active family involvement in decision-making, and (3) strengthened interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure consistent care delivery.<br><br>The study concludes that integrating palliative care into ICUs in Saudi Arabia faces significant barriers, including insufficient psychological support, language challenges, and cultural influences.

Addressing these through targeted communication training, professional development, and organisational support will improve culturally sensitive, patient-centred ICU care. Future research should examine religious and cultural impacts on palliative care practices to guide ongoing improvement.<br><br><i>Thesis is embargoed until 31 December 2027.</i>