Experimental and Simulation Dataset of Gas Flow Field in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Build Chamber

The data were acquired to support the investigation of flow defect mechanisms and structural optimization of the gas delivery system.The dataset includes ten (10) worksheets covering:Mesh Independence Verification – CFD simulation results with element counts ranging from 1 to 7 million to validate numerical stability.Model Validation – Comparison between simulated and experimental velocity values at 9 test points, with relative errors for CFD model calibration.Airflow Velocity (Before Optimization) – 5×5 grid experimental measurements under the original gas flow design.Airflow Velocity (After Optimization) – 5×5 grid experimental measurements under the optimized design (fully horizontal gas supply, differentiated inlet areas, 32 mm honeycomb baffle).Corresponding Simulation Data – Simulated velocity distributions for both pre- and post-optimization configurations.Vortex Area Statistics – Quantitative comparison of vortex characteristics under three gas supply modes (vertical, vertical-to-horizontal, and fully horizontal).Flow Distribution – Mass flow rates for primary and secondary duct branches under equal-area versus differentiated inlet designs, with uniformity metrics (δQ and λQ).Airflow Offset Rate – Velocity deviation rates across the build surface for three honeycomb baffle thicknesses (14 mm, 23 mm, 32 mm).Surface Roughness (Sa and Ra) – Top and side surface roughness measurements for specimens across four spatial regions (Z1–Z4), comparing original and optimized configurations.Relative Density – Porosity statistics (density %, max pore size, pore count by size range) for specimens on XOY and XOZ planes under the optimized flow field.All experimental velocity data were obtained using a hot-wire anemometer at 25 grid points (5×5, 50 mm spacing) covering a 250 mm × 250 mm build area.

The dataset is valuable for validating CFD models of inert gas flow in LPBF systems, studying the correlation between flow field uniformity and part quality, and guiding the design of gas flow systems in large-format metal additive manufacturing equipment.