Supplementary file 1_The effect of optimism, pessimism, and jealousy on emotional regulation in athletes.docx

Data were collected using the Athlete Emotion Regulation Scale (AERS), the Athlete Optimism and Pessimism Scale (AOPS), and the Jealousy Scale for Athletes (JSA).

Because AOPS is a two-factor instrument, optimism and pessimism were treated as separate subscale scores rather than combined into a single predictor. Two parallel mediation analyses were specified with Hayes PROCESS Model 4, with optimism or pessimism as the predictor (X), jealousy as the mediator (M), and emotion regulation as the outcome (Y).</p>Results<p>In the optimism model, optimism negatively predicted jealousy (B = −0.52, p < 0.001) and positively predicted emotion regulation after controlling for jealousy (B = 2.20, p < 0.001); the indirect effect through jealousy was negative and significant (B = −0.70, bootstrap 95% CI [−0.8232, −0.5982]).