Data for feedback modulation of temporal estimation

The former relies on direct sensory perception, while the latter requires the involvement of memory reconstruction and attentional resources. According to the Scalar Timing Theory, temporal processing consists of three stages: clock, memory, and decision-making.

Although feedback is known to modulate the decision-making stage of time perception, its influence on the encoding stage in time estimation tasks remains unclear. Previous studies have found that feedback exerts a very limited effect on the encoding stage in short-duration perception tasks, whereas the neural mechanisms underlying time estimation tasks may differ from those of the former. For this reason, the present study combined a time reproduction task with electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the modulatory effect of feedback on the encoding stage under long-duration conditions.