Supplementary file 1_Academic burnout under geopolitical and economic uncertainty: longitudinal associations with future development anxiety, employment competition pressure, and perceived structural university support.docx

The baseline sample comprised 1,823 students, of whom 1,215 completed matched follow-up after approximately 5 months. Wave-specific factor analyses, covariance-based confirmatory factor analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling, and covariance-based sensitivity models were used.</p>Results<p>After baseline adjustment, T1 perceived geopolitical and economic uncertainty was positively associated with T2 future development anxiety (beta = 0.175, P < 0.001) and T2 academic burnout (beta = 0.148, P < 0.001).

T1 future development anxiety was positively associated with T2 academic burnout (beta = 0.176, P < 0.001), and the reverse cross-wave association was weaker (beta = 0.087, P < 0.001). The prospective-concurrent indirect association through T2 future development anxiety was significant (beta = 0.037, P < 0.001), but the mediator and outcome were measured concurrently. Employment competition pressure strengthened the focal association (beta = 0.105, P < 0.001), whereas perceived structural university support attenuated this moderation (three-way interaction beta = −0.114, P < 0.001).</p>Discussion<p>The results indicate small to moderate cross-wave between-person associations.