Dislodged AGNs

The distribution of offsets between the VLBI sources and their optical counterparts is strongly non-Gaussian, with powerful wings extending beyond 1 arcsec. Limiting our analysis to only high-confidence difference detections, we find (and publish) a list of 188 objects with normalized variances above 12 and offsets below 1 arcsec.

Pan-STARRS stacked and monochromatic images resolve some of these sources, indicating the presence of double sources, confusion sources, or pronounced extended structures. Some 89 high-quality objects, however, do not show any perturbations and appear to be star-like single sources, yet they are displaced by multiples of the expected error from the radio-loud AGN. We conclude that a fraction of luminous AGNs (more than 4%) can be physically dislodged from the optical centers of their parent galaxies.