Table 1_Non-motor correlates of anxiety in de novo Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study with exploratory subgroup analyses.docx

This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 284 medication-naïve de novo PD patients and 147 age- and sex-matched healthy controls to identify non-motor correlates of anxiety after adjustment for demographic and motor covariates, and explore potential subgroup heterogeneity.</p>Methods<p>Anxiety was assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; multivariate logistic regression and prespecified stratified analyses by age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr stage and motor severity were performed.</p>Results<p>Clinically significant anxiety was detected in 44.0% of PD patients versus 8.1% of controls (p < 0.001), with psychic anxiety as the dominant subtype.

After multivariate adjustment, higher depressive symptom scores were positively associated with anxiety (OR = 1.386), whereas better sleep quality (OR = 0.965) and intact olfactory identification (OR = 0.815) were negatively associated with anxiety; motor severity showed no significant association after multivariable adjustment. Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed heterogeneous patterns of sleep and olfactory correlates across clinical strata.