Planck cold clumps and cores in the 2nd quadrant

Generally, turbulence may dominant the cores because {sigma}_NT_/{sigma}_Therm_>1 in almost all of the cores and Larson's relationship is not apparent in our massive cores. Virial parameters are adopted to test the gravitational stability of cores and 51% of the cores are likely collapsing. The core mass function of the cores in the range 0-1kpc suggests a low core-to-star conversional efficiency (0.62%).

Only 14 of 225 cores (6.2%) have associated stellar objects at their centers, while the others are starless. The morphologies of clumps are mainly filamentary structures. Seven clumps may be located on an extension of the new spiral arm in the second quadrant while three are on the known outer arm.