Red fluorescent protein (RFP): an effective reporter gene for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Hevea brasiliensis

Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, we demonstrated that RFP enables clear, non-destructive tracking of transgenic somatic embryos without the need for substrate staining or destructive assays. RFP exhibited minimal interference from chlorophyll autofluorescence, a key advantage over GFP in this pigment-rich species.

We established a fluorescence intensity grading system that allowed for early identification of transformants.