Table 1_Ethnic minorities' language attitudes toward heritage dialects and official standard languages: a narrative review across cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions.pdf

Among them, structured ambivalence (including its domain-differentiated subtype) is the most frequently observed. Contrary to the assumption that intermediate states are merely transitional, domain-differentiated code choice acts as a psychological buffer, sustaining conflicting attitudes across time. Two intervention studies further demonstrate that critical language awareness and translanguaging pedagogy can redirect ambivalent configurations toward resistance.

The review proposes an integrated “three dimensions–four pathways–three patterns” framework that consolidates fragmented research and identifies methodological gaps, particularly the underrepresentation of behavioral data and the scarcity of longitudinal evidence on pattern transition.</p>