Supplementary file 1_Gout, hyperuricemia, and male reproductive health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.pdf

The outcomes such as sexual function, reproductive hormones, and fertility were evaluated.</p>Results<p>In the literature search, 1,527 articles were retrieved. Among these, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis included 104,277 patients with gout or hyperuricemia and 342,621 control subjects.

The meta-analysis results showed that the risk of erectile dysfunction was higher in patients with gout (RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.65, P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, patients with gout or hyperuricemia showed lower levels of testosterone and estradiol (testosterone: MD = −1.00, 95% CI = −1.39 to −0.62, P < 0.001; estradiol: MD = −4.67, 95% CI = −9.31 to −0.02, P = 0.05). A single study showed that semen volume and total sperm counts were lower among infertile men in the hyperuricemia group.</p>Conclusion<p>Male patients with gout or hyperuricemia are more prone to erectile dysfunction and lower levels of reproductive hormones.

Patients with gout showed significantly lower testosterone levels in the subgroup analyses. These findings emphasize the clinical need for increased awareness of male reproductive health problems in men with gout and implementation of effective intervention measures.</p>Systematic review registration<p>crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420261302205.</p>