A Dataset for Biological Cover-Based Acid Control, Erosion Resistance and Fertile Plough Layer Improvement in Red Soil Orchards of Jinxian, Jiangxi, China from 2024 to 2025

The dataset consists of 14 worksheets, including five metadata and quality-control sheets: “Experimental Site Information”, “Dataset Description”, “File Description”, “Data Dictionary”, and “Quality Control Summary”; one unified master sheet, “Master Dataset

• Long Format”; and eight category-specific sheets: “Runoff and Runoff Water Quality”, “Runoff and Runoff Water Quality
• Long Format”, “Soil Temperature Monitoring”, “Soil Moisture Monitoring”, “Meteorological Data”, “Phenological Data”, “Meteorological Data
• Long Format”, and “Phenological Data
• Long Format”. The unified master sheet is organized using fields such as source sheet, data category, date/time, mode or treatment, replicate, soil depth, indicator, unit, observed value, and remarks, which facilitates cross-indicator retrieval, statistical analysis, and database import.