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Table · dataset · 2026

Table 1_A recombinant Newcastle disease virus-vectored multi-epitope vaccine confers protection against QX-like infectious bronchitis virus in chickens.docx

Listed in figshare and Loughborough Research Repository — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1949497.s001

<p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) QX-like (GI-19) genotype dominates global poultry flocks, yet Mass-type vaccines fail to confer cross-protection.

Description

We developed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota vector expressing conserved IBV S1 B-cell hotspots paired with S1-derived BF2-restricted CTL epitopes (rNDV-IBV-T/B). Specific-pathogen-free chickens received single or booster ocular-nasal immunization (10<sup>6</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>) followed by QX-like challenge.

Booster immunization increased the frequency of splenic CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (41.3% vs. 31.9% in the sham-vaccinated challenge control; Tukey-adjusted p<0.001) and elicited neutralizing antibodies (peak log<sub>2</sub> GMT, 5.80). Vaccinated groups showed markedly reduced clinical scores, preserved tracheal ciliary activity at all assessed post-challenge time points, and mitigated histopathological lesions.

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Vaccination reduced oropharyngeal and cloacal viral RNA shedding at multiple post-challenge time points, with the booster regimen producing a more consistent reduction in cloacal viral RNA. Protection was accompanied by an increased frequency of splenic CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, particularly after booster immunization, suggesting a role for cellular immunity alongside neutralizing antibodies. The NDV-LaSota backbone functions as a modular platform for rapid vaccine redesign against emerging coronavirus variants.</p>

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