Data Sheet 1_Neutrophil CD64 index for diagnosing and tracking treatment response across the mycobacterial infection spectrum: a retrospective two-cohort study.pdf

Here, we evaluated the diagnostic and treatment response performance of the nCD64 index in the active tuberculosis (ATB)—including pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (ePTB), and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease, and determined whether it adds value beyond standard inflammatory indicators.</p>Methods<p>We measured the nCD64 index in a cross-sectional cohort comprising 248 participants across five groups: ATB, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), NTM, bacterial pulmonary infection (PI) and healthy donors (HD).

Patients with ATB and NTM had not received anti-mycobacterial treatment at the time of enrollment. Diagnostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and incremental value beyond white blood cell (WBC) count and C-reactive protein (CRP) was evaluated by comparing an area under the curve (AUC) with and without nCD64 index. In a separate longitudinal cohort of 244 participants, nCD64 index was measured at baseline and months 1–3 of anti-mycobacterial therapy, and longitudinal trajectories were compared between treatment-naive and retreatment patients using a linear mixed-effects (LME) model.</p>Results<p>nCD64 index was markedly elevated in ATB compared to all other groups (all p < 0.001).