A method for adaptive habit prediction in bulk microphysical models. Part II: Parcel model corroboration

These methods use either the diameter of an equivalent sphere or mass-size equations in conjunction with the capacitance model to close the equations for ice vapor diffusion. Single-axis methods unnaturally constrain growth because real crystals evolve along at least two axis directions.

Thus, they are unable to reproduce the simultaneous variation in mass mixing ratio, maximum dimension, and mass-weighted fall speeds. While mass-size relations can at times capture the evolution of one of these with relatively low errors, the other properties are generally under- or overpredicted by 20%-40%. Part I of this study describes an adaptive habit method that evolves two axis dimensions, allowing feedbacks between aspect ratio changes and mass mixing-ratio evolution.