Symmetric and Asymmetric Dielectric/Metal/Dielectric Electrodes for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells

In particular, changing from symmetric to asymmetric configurations provides additional degrees of freedom for light management, enabling the independent modulation of transmittance in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The symmetric stacks tend to maximize transmittance in both regions simultaneously, and the asymmetric design allows for selective optimization of transparency in the different spectral ranges.

The optimized D/M/D electrodes maintain a low sheet resistance of 4.2 Ω/sq, while reaching transmittance maxima higher than 75%, significantly surpassing standard metallic electrodes. The Au-based D/M/D multilayers herein implemented were successfully integrated as a hole-collecting top electrode into n–i–p semitransparent perovskite solar cells, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13%, comparable to reference devices, but providing significantly enhanced and modulable optical transparency.

This strategy establishes Au-based D/M/D architectures as versatile multilayers for next-generation photovoltaics with finely tunable spectrally selective properties.