Table · dataset · 2026
Supplementary file 1_Enhanced greywater treatment in a two-stage green wall system by incorporating waste-derived adsorbents.pdf
Listed in figshare and Loughborough Research Repository and GRANTS Data and UP Research Data Repository — shown once because both records carry DOI 10.3389/fenve.2026.1924831.s001
<p>Greywater reuse offers a sustainable approach to alleviating freshwater scarcity, but concerns about treatment reliability limit its adoption.
Description
This study investigates a two-stage green wall system for greywater treatment, integrating vegetated units planted with Carex secta and vertical flow post-treatment columns (PTCs) packed with waste-derived adsorbents—calcinated kina (sea urchin) shell, ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-activated apricot stone biochar, and natural zeolite.
The system’s performance was evaluated for removal of organic matter (COD, TOC), nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate), and xenobiotics (anionic surfactants, aromatic compounds) under varying hydraulic and pollutant loads. Substrate characterization, plant health assessment, microbial analysis, and physicochemical water quality monitoring were used to elucidate plant–microbe–media interactions. PTCs effectively polished residual pollutants after partial removal in green wall units, achieving removal rates of 34% of phosphate, 99.8% of ammonia, 95% of surfactants, and 25%–37% of aromatic compounds (UV<sub>(294)</sub>).
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While nitrate leached from green wall units (−34%), PTCs mitigated this by removing 64% of nitrate. TOC and COD were further reduced by 17% and 14%, resulting in overall removal efficiencies of 95% and 96%, respectively, across the two-stage system. Under stress conditions of 2-week drying followed by high pollutant loading, PTCs maintained pollutant removal, whereas green wall units showed reduced nutrient removal.
Across the planted green wall, ammonia increased from 0.02 to 1.63 mg/L and phosphate from 3.42 to 4.44 mg/L. The non-planted control deteriorated more strongly, with ammonia increasing to 8.88 mg/L and phosphate to 8.32 mg/L. After stress recovery, vegetated units rapidly regained treatment efficiency, while controls released ammonia tenfold and phosphate twofold. This novel integrated treatment design demonstrates a scalable, low-maintenance solution for effective on-site greywater treatment and reuse.</p>
Links
Where it is published
- DOI doi.org/10.3389/fenve.2026.1924831.s001 ↗
DOI / persistent id · from figshare com
Catalogue records · 1
- OAI-PMH record api.figshare.com/v2/oai?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&identifier=oai%3Af… ↗
metadata API · from figshare com
Topics
- From keywords
- Astronomy & Astrophysics · Chemistry · Chemistry · Computer Science & AI · Computer Science & AI · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Earth & Environmental Science · Economics & Finance · Economics & Finance · Engineering · Engineering · Engineering · Engineering · Humanities · Humanities · Humanities · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Life Sciences · Materials Science · Mathematics & Statistics · Medicine & Health · Medicine & Health · Ocean & Atmospheric Science · Psychology & Behavioral Science · Social Science · Social Science · Social Science
- Inferred from text
- Environmental engineering 74%
Provenance · 4 source records, 36 field assertions
| Source | Key | Last seen | Raw |
|---|---|---|---|
| figshare | oai:figshare.com:article/34054596 | 4 d ago | JSON v1 |
| Loughborough Research Repository | oai:figshare.com:article/34054596 | 4 d ago | JSON v1 |
| GRANTS Data | oai:figshare.com:article/34054596 | 4 d ago | JSON v1 |
| UP Research Data Repository | oai:figshare.com:article/34054596 | 4 d ago | JSON v1 |
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| concepts[field].local:field:computer-science-ai | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · grantsdata jst go jp | connector:grantsdata_jst_go_jp@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:earth-environmental | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · repository lboro ac uk | connector:repository_lboro_ac_uk@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:economics-finance | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
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| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · figshare com | connector:figshare_com@1.0.0 | |
| concepts[field].local:field:social-science | mapping · researchdata up ac za | connector:researchdata_up_ac_za@1.0.0 | |
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