Supplementary file 1_Artificial intelligence and obstetric anesthesia: a scoping review.docx

This scoping review aimed to characterize the current uses, emerging applications, and future directions of AI across the field of obstetric anesthesiology.</p>Methods<p>We searched PubMed and Embase, combining clinical terms for obstetric anesthesia and delivery with methodological terms for AI and machine learning (ML).

English language original studies, systematic reviews, clinical trials, and meta-analyses published between January 2015 and December 2025 describing the development, validation, or clinical application of AI/ML tools relevant to obstetric anesthesia were eligible. Records were screened by two reviewers with consensus adjudication by two board-certified anesthesiologists. Included studies were categorized by AI domain, ML class, intended application, validation approach, and aspect of care.</p>Results<p>Of 3,135 records identified, 172 met inclusion criteria for review, comprising 154 original research studies, 17 systematic or narrative reviews, and 1 case report. 12 other records encompassing 9 registered clinical trials or protocols and 3 workforce-focused studies were also identified and reported upon separately. 69% of publications appeared after 2022.