Interferometric temporal focusing microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence

However, its spatial resolution and imaging depth are limited, largely due to background light. Interferometric temporal focusing (ITF) microscopy, which combines structured illumination microscopy and three-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, can overcome these limitations.

Here we demonstrate ITF microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence, which has a spatial resolution of 106 nm at an imaging depth of 100 μm with an excitation wavelength of 1060 nm.