Table 1_Exploring agile leadership, ambidextrous leadership, organizational agility, and innovation behaviors among nurse managers: an explanatory mixed-methods study.docx

Greater interpretive weight was given to the qualitative phase.</p>Results<p>Nurse managers reported moderate agile and ambidextrous leadership and high organizational agility and innovation behaviors. The four measures showed near-unity correlations, limiting construct-specific interpretation. Qualitative analysis generated five themes: agile leadership as flexibility and human-centered responsiveness; ambidextrous leadership as balancing opening and closing behaviors; organizational agility as adaptive unit functioning; innovation as problem-driven practice; and contextual challenges influencing leadership effectiveness.</p>Conclusion<p>The findings indicate a highly interrelated agile leadership–organizational functioning profile.

The primary contribution lies in the qualitative findings, which show how nurse managers described flexibility, delegation, balancing operational and improvement work, problem-driven innovation, and contextual constraints within Saudi clinical management. Larger multisite and multi-source studies are needed to determine whether the measured constructs are empirically distinct.</p>