Multi-GeV cascaded laser wakefield acceleration in a hybrid capillary discharge waveguide

The electron beamwas trapped in the first segment via ionization-induced injection, and then seeded into the secondsegment for further acceleration. The long-distance stable guiding of the laser pulse andsuppression of the dark current inside the second-segment capillary played an important role inthe generation of high-energy electron beams, as demonstrated by quasi-three-dimensionalparticle-in-cell simulations.