BO-PBK: A new solver for dispersion relations of obliquely propagating waves in multi-species plasmas with anisotropic loss-cone drift product-bi-kappa distributions

It reformulates the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell system into a compact eigenvalue problem, enabling direct computation of multiple wave branches and unstable modes without iterative initial-value searches. Key innovations include a unified framework supporting product-bi-kappa, kappa-Maxwellian, Maxwellian-kappa, bi-Maxwellian, and hybrid distributions with multi-component and loss-cone features; a concise rational-form eigenvalue formulation; and a 2-3 times reduction in matrix dimensions compared to the BO-KM solver, with improved efficiency at larger kappa indices.

Benchmark tests confirm accurate reproduction of standard kinetic results and efficient resolution of waves and instabilities. BO-PBK thus provides a computationally efficient tool for wave and stability analysis in space and laboratory plasmas.