Engineered Lactobacillus paracasei 3×pBD1/ΔHLJ-27 as a Novel Antibiotic Alternative for Livestock: Dual Efficacy in Growth Promotion and Protection Against Salmonella Infection via Integrated Host-Microbiota-Immune Regulation

Fig.6 3×pBD1/ΔHLJ-27 protects intestinal morphology and mucus barrier during S.Typhimurium infection in piglets. Fig.7 3×pBD1/ΔHLJ-27 restores intestinal barrier integrity by regulating tight junction proteins following Salmonella infection in piglets. Fig.8 Recombinant strain 3×pBD1/ΔHLJ-27 confers systemic protection against S. typhimurium infection by orchestrating integrated immune and antioxidant responses in piglets.

Fig.9 Effects of 3×pBD1/ΔHLJ-27 on intestinal microflora and ileum tissue in piglets. S1 Fig. 3×pBD1/ΔHLJ-27 colonizes the intestine to improve growth and barrier integrity in BALB/c mice and piglets. S2 Fig. The changes of intestinal microbial diversities in piglets with oral administration of 3×pBD1/ΔHLJ-27.