Seminal evidence of a 2.5-Sol ultra-fast Kelvin wave in Mars' middle and upper atmosphere

Using concurrent temperature and neutral density measurements taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN satellites, we demonstrate for the first time that a 2.5-sol ultra-fast Kelvin wave is a prominent global-scale feature of the low-latitude middle (i.e., 30–80 km) and upper (approximately 150 km) atmosphere of Mars.

Further, we present evidence of secondary waves arising from nonlinear interactions between this ultra-fast Kelvin wave and solar tides, and based on their amplitudes we surmise that they could represent an important source of tidal and longitudinal variability in the aerobraking region.