Supplemental Material for: Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Proteinuria and Inflammatory Markers

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of adjunctive HCQ on proteinuria and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with stable CGN receiving optimized supportive therapy.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Methods:</b>In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept randomized trial, 43 patients with CGN (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 0.5 g/g and eGFR > 20 mL/min/1.73 m²) were randomized to receive eGFR-adjusted HCQ (n=21) or placebo (n=22) for 4 months.

The primary outcome was change in proteinuria; secondary outcomes included interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), eGFR, and safety.</p><p dir="ltr"><b>Results:</b>After 4 months, the median percentage change in proteinuria was −27.9% (IQR, −55.1 to −15.5) with HCQ versus +20.7% (IQR, −6.9 to +45.4) with placebo. In mixed-effects maximum-likelihood regression adjusted for systolic blood pressure, HCQ was associated with a greater reduction in proteinuria than placebo (β, −118.55; 95% CI, −208.07 to −29.03; p = 0.009).