YSOs toward IRAS 22147+5948 in outer Galaxy

The distances were determined using CO 1-0 from the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory survey. We identified 13 Class I and 13 Class II YSO candidates using the color-color diagrams, along with an additional 2 and 21 sources, respectively, using the applied machine learning techniques. The spectral energy distributions of 23 sources were modeled with a star and a passive disk, corresponding to Class II objects.

The models of three sources include envelopes that are typical for Class I objects. The objects were grouped into two clusters located at a distance of ~2.2 kpc and 5 clusters at ~5.6 kpc. The spatial extent of CO, radio continuum, and dust emission confirms the origin of YSOs in two distinct star-forming regions along a similar line of sight.

The outer Galaxy may serve as a unique laboratory for exploring star formation across environments, on the condition that complementary methods and ancillary data are used to properly account for cloud confusion and distance uncertainties.