Forest carbon projects, violent conflict and social unrest in Africa: a project–year panel, 1997–2018

<p dir="ltr">Balanced project–year panel supporting Schmid, D. (2023), "Are forest carbon projects in Africa green but mean?: A mixed-method analysis", Climate and Development 15(1), 45-59. doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2022.2054400 </p><p dir="ltr">The data cover 22 forest carbon projects in 10 African countries (Republic of the Congo, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), observed annually from 1997 to 2018 — 484 complete project-year observations.

Project start dates are staggered between 2001 and 2014, so each project is observed both before and after implementation.</p><p dir="ltr">Conflict outcomes are derived from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED): binary indicators of violent events and of non-violent events (social unrest) recorded in the project area. Covariates: ethnic diversity, state capacity, project size (km²) and precipitation change.</p><p dir="ltr">The three files contain the same panel built at three buffer radii around project boundaries — dataSet_0k.csv (project area only), dataSet_10k.csv (10 km), dataSet_25k.csv (25 km) — for sensitivity analysis of the assumed zone of project influence.</p>