Dataset of soil phosphorus fractions and availability in response to nitrogen deposition and mowing in a semi-natural grassland (2015–2023)

Four treatments were established: control (CK), nitrogen addition (N10), mowing (M), and nitrogen addition plus mowing (M×N), each with five replicates. Soil samples were collected from the 0–10 cm layer and separated into three aggregate fractions: large macro-aggregates (LMA), small macro-aggregates (SMA), and micro-aggregates (MA).The dataset includes: (1) soil phosphorus availability indices; (2) soil phosphorus fractions (available P, labile P, moderately labile P, occluded P, and total phosphorus); (3) soil extracellular enzyme activities (αG, βG, βX, CBH, NAG, LAP, ALP); (4) soil microbial biomass (MBC, MBN, MBP) and community structure (bacteria, fungi, AMF); (5) soil physicochemical properties (pH, DOC, DON, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, SWC, bulk density); and (6) plant community data (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, species richness).Data are stored in Microsoft Excel format (.xlsx) across three worksheets, corresponding to the three aggregate fractions (LMA, SMA, MA).

This dataset provides foundational data for understanding soil phosphorus cycling mechanisms in grassland ecosystems under global change scenarios and land-use intensification.