Supplementary file 1_Non-pharmacological interventions for opioid use disorder: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.docx

Frequentist multivariate random-effects NMA (REML method) will be conducted to synthesize outcomes across primary (abstinence, craving, treatment retention) and secondary (relapse rates, anxiety, depression, sleep quality) endpoints. Node-splitting models and network meta-regressions will explore critical effect modifiers, focusing specifically on background pharmacological regimens and time-course treatment effects across distinct intervention timepoints.

Finally, the GRADE framework will be implemented via a minimally contextualized approach to structure NPIs into hierarchical clinical tiers based on effect estimates and evidence certainty.</p>Justification<p>This NMA will establish an evidence hierarchy for non-pharmacological OUD management by evaluating clinical efficacy and systematically stratifying optimal interventions based on their certainty of evidence (moderate-to-high versus low-to-very-low), thereby providing a standardized foundation for individualized clinical care and future trials.</p>Trial registration<p>crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard, PROSPERO CRD420261330214.</p>