Country Matrixes for QCA Analysis

Studies and documents were searched by country with Google Scholar, Web of Science and Google for each enabling factor with specific key words. Document relevance was assessed based on the abstracts or summaries of the documents, and presumptive reliability of the source as not all the documents were from peer reviewed journals. The data for Laos and Tanzania was completed with field research findings.

Data collection for Vietnam was mainly carried out by research partners from CIFOR. All country matrixes were reviewed by highly recognized partners with in-depth knowledge of the country and the sector to increase the level of objectivity in the data interpretation. Analysis of the Indonesia data showed significant regional differences in the enabling factors between Java and Kalimantan and Sumatra.

Each factor consists of several indicators ranked as POS if they can be considered being supportive for smallholder tree growing and NEG if they have a negative impact. Once a pre-set number of indicators are positive the factor can also be considered POSITIVE, i.e. supportive for smallholder commercial tree growing.