<p>Attributes of respondent’s partner (n = 502).</p>

The mean age of women’s partners was 44.4 ± 8.7 years. Overall, 83% of women had ever experienced some form of IPV and 51.8% in the past year. Emotional IPV was most common (78% ever, 47.8% past year), followed by physical (54% ever, 27.5% past year) and sexual IPV (18% ever, 9.4% past year).

Cohabiting women and women married for 2–10 years had higher odds of emotional IPV and any IPV. Women with no formal education [aOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.04–0.67] were less likely to experience any IPV. Women whose partners were younger [aOR 6.91, 95% CI 2.21–21.66], engaged in extramarital relationships [aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.29–4.10], had significantly higher odds of any IPV.

Women whose partners drank alcohol daily/nearly every day [aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.10–4.3] were more likely to be victims of physical IPV. Poor partner communication doubled the likelihood of physical IPV, and women whose partners’ mothers had experienced violence were more likely to experience physical IPV. Women with negative attitudes toward gender roles were at greater risk of experiencing any form of IPV.</p> <p>Conclusion</p><p>This study found a high prevalence of intimate partner violence among women in urban Lagos.

Targeted interventions should focus on high-risk groups and be complemented by broader, multi-sectoral efforts to challenge gender norms, empower women, and strengthen legal and health-system responses.</p></div>