<p>The study dataset.</p>

Content validity, evaluated by 25 experts across health and medical fields, yielded a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) >0.37 and a Content Validity Index (CVI) >0.79, leading to the removal of 13 items. Face validity, assessed with 12 medical residents via the impact score method, led to the elimination of 3 additional items. Construct validity, examined with 217 medical residents, identified six factors explaining approximately 84.7% of the total variance.

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a six-factor structure of the final 18-item instrumen. Reliability was confirmed through internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94) and stability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.83). The final questionnaire provides a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the professional behavior of medical residents and general medical students in clinical settings.

It is recommended that educators, administrators, and healthcare policymakers utilize this instrument to assess professional conduct, identify areas for improvement, and design targeted interventions to enhance professional behavior in medical training.</p></div>