Data Sheet 3_Multi-omics integration reveals vaccine-specific molecular signatures and temporal dynamics of COVID-19 immune responses.csv

In contrast, the Moderna vaccination was associated with predominantly increased lipid abundance and bidirectional metabolite changes, with minimal univariate proteomic changes. AstraZeneca induced subtler yet coherent cross-omic shifts, detectable only through integrative modelling approaches. Despite these platform-associated differences, Pfizer and Moderna shared concordant changes in a subset of metabolites, including amino-acid and TCA-cycle-associated features, within divergent lipidomic contexts.

These findings demonstrate that even closely related mRNA vaccine platforms are associated with distinct systemic molecular response patterns. This study establishes integration of multi-omics (as opposed to separate single-omic analyses) as a powerful framework for characterising vaccine-associated molecular responses, identifying candidate platform-specific molecular markers, and providing candidates for future molecular stratification studies.</p>